Otolaryngology and ENT

Tympanoplasty is the surgical operation made for the reconstruction of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) and/or the minor bones of the middle ear Tympanoplasty is classified into five different types; Type 1 involves healing of the tympanic membrane alone, when the middle ear is normal. A type 1 tympanoplasty is identical to myringoplasty.Type 2 includes repair of the tympanic membrane and middle ear in spite of slight defects in the middle ear ossicles.Type 3 involves removal of ossicles and epitympanum when there are huge defects of the malleus and incus. The tympanic membrane is restored and directly connected to the head of the stapes. Type 4 describes a repair when the stapes foot plate is movable, but the crura are mislaid. The resulting middle ear will only involve of the Eustachian tube and hypotympanum.Type 5 is a repair involving a immobile stapes footplate.